上面两个程序中,输出Y3、计数器CTl02及内部通用继电器R0前面的逻辑条件均相同,仅仅是计数器CTl02所在语句位置发生了变化,而两段程序的运行结果就截然不同。这是因为CTl02对输出Y3的影响方式发生了变化。执行第一段程序时,将首先判断输出Y3的状态,再判断CTl02的状态,CTl02的状态变化只能在下一个扫描周期对Y3产生影响;而执行第二段程序时,将首先判断CTl02的状态,再判断输出Y3的状态,CTl02的状态变化将在该扫描周期直接影响Y3的状态。
从以上讨论可以得出,由于PLC采用"串行"工作方式,所以即使是同一元件,在梯形图中所处的位置不同,其工作状态也会有所不同,因此在利用梯形图进行控制程序编制时,应对控制任务进行充分分析,合理安排各编程元件的位置,才能够更为准确地实现控制。
三、PLC的编程元件
PLC的各种功能主要是通过运行控制程序来实现。编制程序时,需要合理使用PLC提供的编程元件(即软元件)。FPO型PLC中常用的编程元件有两种:位元件(bit)和字元件(word)。位元件实际上是PLC内存区域所提供的一个二进制位单元,又被称为软继电器,主要用作基本顺序指令的编程元件,如输入继电器Xn、输出继电器Yn、内部通用继电器Rn、定时(计数)器等,其参与控制的方式主要是通过对应触点的通断状态改变影响逻辑运算结果即输出。
字元件则为PLC内存区域内的一个字单元(16bit),主要用作功能指令和高级指令的编程元件,通常用以存放数据,如数据寄存器DTn,定时(计数)器的设定值SVn、经过值EVn等。字元件没有触点,通常以整体内容参与控制。
值得注意的是内存中的输入(X)区、输出(Y)区和内部通用(R)区,该区中的每个bit均可用作位元件,而且每16bit可构成一个字元件,如WRIO即是由16个位元件R100~R10F构询价联系人:傅继宗 (销售工程师)
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